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Paper 2 Ideology · 2023 Mock · 24 marks
To what extent does anarchism adopt a consistent approach to its view of society? (24 marks)
Non-Core Ideologies: Anarchism
Mark scheme: agreement
AO1 Anarchists are defined by their rejection of the State and its role in current society. AO2 All anarchists agree that the state's role in existing society is unjust, controlling, coercive and corrupting (Goldman), so must be rejected, and that the future anarchist society will be stateless. [IJ] This reflects a core principle that binds all anarchists together. AO1 All anarchists are consistent in their view that a future society without a state will be one of natural order and harmony. AO2 All anarchists believe that "anarchy is order" (Proudhon). This order will emerge naturally and spontaneously. [IJ] Whilst they offer no one-size-fits-all blueprint, they believe a society without coercion is both desirable and achievable based on their view of human nature. AO1 Most anarchists believe that the future society must be built on the principles of liberty and equality. AO2 All anarchists are committed to liberty, and most to equality, removing all forms of political authority and hierarchy from society. [IJ] This shows a very consistent approach.
Mark scheme: disagreement
AO1 There is a clear division between individualists and collectivists over the role of liberty and the individual in the future society. AO2 Individualist anarchists fear that the individual will become a servant to the collective (Stirner) and believe the new social order will emerge from the released energies of the individual (Goldman), whilst collectivists argue liberty can only be realised through connections with others (Bakunin) and that natural order in society emerges due to the social nature of humanity. [IJ] This shows a fundamental disagreement over the place of the individual and freedom in a future society. AO1 Anarchists are not consistent in their view of what the future society looks like. AO2 Individualist anarchists favour the free association of liberated individuals, a Union of Egoists (Stirner), whilst some collectivists favour self-managing communes organised around cooperation and mutual aid (Kropotkin) and others favour mutualism (Proudhon). [IJ] This shows a real lack of consistency over the future society. AO1 Whilst most anarchists agree that an anarchist society cannot be based on private property and capitalism, anarcho-capitalists differ. AO2 Whilst egoism (Stirner) and all collectivist strands oppose capitalism and private property, anarcho-capitalists support an unfettered free market and private property as central to an anarchist society. [IJ] This reflects a fundamental lack of consistency between anarcho-capitalists and the rest of anarchism.
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